So the great "Marmite dispute" between Unilever and Tesco is over, but what did we learn?
There is a "Remain" analysis here at the Independent , an over from the FT
here, and a Brexit analysis here at the
Sun.
There is an interesting analysis that shows both sides suffered reputational damage (
Marketing Week), but that of course is what promotional budgets are there for.
What we can be clear about is that this negotiation will be going on between Unilever and ASDA (and Morrisons etc.) and between P&G and Tesco (and ASDA, Morrisons etc.). In fact they go on all the time. This particular spat was very nicely timed for me because I had just been discussing with delegates a hypothetical similar battle between Tesco and Coca-Cola.
Unilever will be trying to maintain their profit margin, which is about 10%. Tesco will be doing the same on a profit margin of about
1.7% (which is way down from the 5% or so it was earlier in the decade). So on the face if it Unilever has lots of room to deal with material cost rises caused by the falling pound/euro exchange rate. But why should it? It's stock price will be in part based on the strong margins, so accepting lower margins would be a doubly whammy.
Tesco of course in this cannot afford to absorb 15% price rises, and gets to look like the good guy looking after customer interests.
This negotiation between the 2 will go on all the time - it is just rather public this time, though interestingly the resolution is not as public as the spat.
Over time prices will rise - the weak pound means that imported raw materials will increase in costs, and products Unilever makes overseas will cost more when imported (they have no reason to reduce their internal transfer price and reduce profits elsewhere). The public will pay more.
Another factor is that the big discount competitors (Aldi, Lidl, Netto) are European and so their own brand products (if made in the EU) will also cost more in sterling. Despite the competition, all the supermarkets have an interest in prices going up, none can afford to absorb the exchange rate impact, and none of their suppliers will do so either. The size and speed of the drop means that currency hedging will only have limited some of the impact, and only for a limited time.
So what is the impact? Sterling has fallen about 15%, but in any manufactured goods the cost of materials is only part of the total cost (maybe half or two thirds) so if products are made in the UK we might expect prices to go up 7.5% or 10%, and if imported 15%.
In addition petrol and diesel prices should rise because oil is priced in dollars. Luckily (in a way) most of the pump price is tax and so the increase will not be 15% or anything like that.
Overall some commentators who know supermarkets are saying prices will on average rise by about 5%, which is low compared to the drop in sterling. Efficiencies, competition, UK costs and other factors will keep it low. Inflation will rise - for a year. Assuming that there no further drops in sterling then this will be a spike in inflation unrelated to consumption and demand, which is why the Bank of England seem rather relaxed about it.
What does it mean for Buyers? It means overseas products will be more expensive. And that I wish I had bought my Euros for next month's holiday in France a month ago rather than waiting. And bizarrely, I might be taking my own wine to France!
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